Science of Volcanic Activity Prediction Essay -- Nature Volcanoe Volca

Science of Volcanic Activity PredictionSince the dawn of history, volcanoes have been an awe inspiring feature of the earth that has frightened and intrigued mankind. Volcanoes have interpreted the lives of over 250,000 people in the last three hundred years and changed the lives of millions of others, but up until recently humans have had very little rationality of the volcanic processes that presage an eruption. The advent and implementation of new technologies and scientific methods has allowed us to begin to comprehend the inner workings of one of natures most powerful forces. by means of understanding how volcanoes work, volcanologists hope to accurately predict when an eruption may occur, what the magnitude and type of eruption will be, and what effect it will have on the contact area. Accomplishing this daunting task will ensure that in the future when an eruption occurs, the population at risk will be prepared and lives can be saved.Numerous methods are available for m onitoring volcanic activity, and scientists typically synthesize data and observations from all methods available in order to obtain the most countywide look at the area being observed. One frequently used technique is monitoring seismic activity that may indicate flow of magma and brag beneath the surface. As magma at extreme temperatures of sometimes over one thousand Degrees Celsius rises through cracks in the Earths crust, the intense temperature and pressure causes the surrounding rock to crack, as illustrated in the diagram above. This brittle fracture of the surrounding rock often causes earthquakes or vibrations called tremors. Usually these earthquakes are of magnitude 2, 3 or lower, and seismographs monitor these quakes so that t... ...ray, J. Monitoring Active Volcanoes. London UCL Press Limited, 1995.Week 4 Volcanoes Smithsonian Magazine, When Magma is on the Move. February, 2000.Hill, David P., Roy Bailey, Michael Sorey, James Hendley, and Peter Stauffer. Li ving With a Restless Caldera coarse Valley, California. U.S. Geological Survey, rewrite May 2000.Hill, David P. et al. Future Eruptions in Californias Long Valley AreaWhats Likely? USGS, Fact Sheet revised November 1998.Austin, Ken, Susan Owen, Ilene Cooper. GPS and Long Valley Caldera. University of Southern California, May 2004.News Long Valley Exploratory Well. Information Network International Continental Scientific Drilling Program. GeoForschungsZentrum PotsdamDecember 5, 2003. <http//icdp.gfzpotsdam.de/sites/longvalley/news/news.html Return to Research Projects Return to Sierra Home