English Conjunctions

Conjunctions A conjunction is a word which joins two sentences to complete their meaning. There are two kinds of conjunctions: 1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions: When the conjunction is used to join two statements of equal importance, the conjunction is said to be a co-ordinating conjunction. Examples : and, but, or, not, for, either, neither 2. Subordinating Conjunctions: When the conjunction joins two statements, one of which depends on the other for its full meaning, the conjunction is said to be a subordinating conjunction.Examples : before, after, since, because, if, though, which, who A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence. There seem to be three basic types of conjunctions. They are:  coordinating conjunctions  used to connect two independent clauses,  subordinating conjunctions  used to establish the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence, and  correlative conjunctions  which always travel in pair s, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSCoordinating conjunctions may join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join similar elements: e. g. subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, sentence+sentence. The seven coordinating conjunctions in English are: FOR – is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause AND – joins two similar ideas together NOR – The conjunction nor is not extinct, but it is not used nearly as often as the other conjunctions. Its most common use is as the little brother in the correlative pair, neither-nor BUT – joins two contrasting ideas togetherOR – joins two alternative ideas YET – is very similar to ‘but' as it also joins two contrasting ideas together SO – shows that the second idea is the result of the first An easy way to remember these six conjunctions is to think of the word FANBOYS. Each of the letters in this somewhat unlikely word is the first letter of one of the coordinating conjunctions. Among the coordinating conjunctions, the most common, of course, are AND, BUT and OR. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS A subordinating conjunction is a word which joins together a dependent clause and an independent clause.There are numerous subordinating conjunctions. The more commonly used ones are listed below. For a more comprehensive list see  http://webster. commnet. edu/grammar/conjunctions. htm#nor BECAUSE, AS, SINCE – are used to introduce the cause in a cause effect relationship between two ideas SO – introduces an effect in a cause effect relationship between two ideas ALTHOUGH, (even) THOUGH, WHEREAS, WHILE – are used to express contrast between ideas AFTER – is used to show timeAlthough documentation of the developmental order of the remaining subordinate conjunctions is missing, the best guess scenario would be: BECAUSE and SINCE, as they also in troduce the cause in a cause-effect relationship SO would likely seem to follow as it introduces the effect in a cause-effect relationship ALTHOUGH, (even) THOUGH, WHEREAS, WHILE may follow next as they express the contrast between ideas AFTER which expresses time concepts COrrelative CONJUNCTIONS Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions.They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal. Here is a brief list of common correlative conjunctions. both . . . andnot only . . . but alsonot . . . buteither . . . orneither . . . norwhether . . . oras . . . as| Types of Conjunctions A conjunction is a word that links words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctions:  coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and  subordinating conjunctions.Coordinating Conjunctions  may join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join si milar elements such as subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, or sentence+sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element. Examples:  and, but, or, yet, for, nor, so Correlative Conjunctions  also connect sentence elements of the same kind, however, unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. Examples: both – and not only – but also not – but ither – or neither – nor whether – or as – as Subordinating Conjunctions: These are the largest class of conjunctions. They connect subordinate clauses to a main clause. They are adverbs used as conjunctions. Examples: Time: after, before, since, when, while, until Reason: because, since, so that, why Place: where, wherever Condition: if, unless, until, in case Manner: as if, as though, how When we write, we use conjunctions to â€Å"connect words, phrases, and clauses, showing the relation ship between and among them,†Ã‚   as Scharton   and Neuleib describe (2001, p. 96). There are four types of conjunctions that writers can use. Let's review each type as a way to reflect on the different kinds of relationships that conjunctions can be used to reveal. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions should used  when the elements have an equal relationship. Examples of coordinating conjunctions include  for, and, nor, but, or, yet,  and  so. Ex. Hall does not deny that the early colonists were overwhelmingly Christian,  but  he does recognize that not everyone practiced his or her eligion with the same zeal and fervor that is generally assumed in Puritan communities. Note that with this type of conjunction, you are connecting two sentences (making a compound sentence). In order to prevent this compound sentence from being a run-on sentence, a comma must precede the coordinating conjunction. Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are u sed in pairs and also connect equal elements. Examples of correlative conjunctions include  either†¦or, whether†¦or, not only†¦but also, both†¦and,  andneither†¦nor. Ex.It is another interesting phenomenon of history that any conflict within post-World War II Germany,  whether  between the two Germanys  or  between two sets of Germans, often resulted in one side’s claiming that the other used had fascist tactics. Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions  are used to show the relationship of the subordinate clause (a group of related words that contains a subject and predicate but cannot stand alone) to the rest of the sentence. Examples of subordinating conjunctions include  while, after, until, when, where, before, if, that, unless, because, although, though,  and  whether.Ex. Sherry walked to school this morning because her car battery was dead. Conjunctive Adverbs While they are not true conjunctions, conjunctive ad verbs often function as conjunctions. They don't show relationships  within  a sentence, but rather show the relationship between two independent clauses (a complete sentence, or a group of related words that contain a subject, a predicate, and can stand alone). Examples of conjunctive adverbs include  also, consequently, furthermore, however, indeed, instead, meanwhile, moreover, nonetheless, similarly, therefore, thus, besides, next, specifically,  and  subsequently.Ex. A first glance at his bibliography gives the appearance that the work may rely somewhat heavily on secondary source material;  however, a number of primary sources are also used, and it should be noted that the publication dates of the secondary source material range throughout the span of the study. Note that two complete sentences are connected. Therefore, a semicolon is needed. The semicolon shows that the two sentences are closely related and that the writer wants the two sentences to stay linked in the writer’s mind, while showing where one sentence ends and the next one begins.Notice also that a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Test Your Knowledge| | Check your understanding by correcting the following sentences. Hint: Use the structure of the sentence as a guide to the relationship. Choose a conjunction or conjunctive adverb accordingly. 1. ___________ most of the work is a quantitative study proving the educational lag of Mexican American children, Carter’s work also pays significant attention to educational history. 2.Changes in party emphasis allowed for increasing segments of workers to join; however, dissent with Stalin’s policies was less tolerated; ___________ , many of these policies, particularly those of Stalin, were ambiguous due to the secretiveness and suspicion within the inner ranks. 3. At this time the existence of the relationship between science and religion produced a group of thinkers called Deists who believed that no knowledge could be held of a creator except his existence as necessary for natural law, _________ as in any group of theological thinkers, there were differences in perspectives on what this meant. . One provision allowed for the sale of public lands belonging to the perpetual school fund, the proceeds of which would _________ go directly to the public school fund ________ be distributed among the counties. Answers: 1. While  most of the work is a quantitative study proving the educational lag of Mexican American children, Carter’s work also pays significant attention to educational history. The first part of this sentence is subordinate to the second part. Therefore, a subordinating conjunction would be used.Others that could work in this context would be  though  and  although. 2. Changes in party emphasis allowed for increasing segments of workers to join; however, dissent with Stalin’s policies was less tolerated;  furthermore, many of these policies, particularly those of Stalin, were ambiguous due to the secretiveness and suspicion within the inner ranks. Here the second sentence serves as an addition to another sentence, so a conjunctive adverb is needed. Because it is an addition,  further  and  furthermore  are the best options. . At this time the existence of the relationship between science and religion produced a group of thinkers called Deists who believed that no knowledge could be held of a creator except his existence as necessary for natural law,  but  like any group of theological thinkers, there were differences in perspectives on what this meant. This sentence calls for a coordinating conjunction. Either of these sentences could work independent of each other. The word  but  works best here because it shows contrast. 4.One provision allowed for the sale of public lands belonging to the perpetual school fund, the proceeds of which would  either  go directly to the public school fund  or  be distributed among the counties. Here the two blanks should have been the clue that a correlative conjunctions was required. They are the only ones used in pairs. | | What are conjunctions? Sure, they're joining words, but they're much more than that. Conjunctions are the words that decide the importance of the various other words in the sentence. Coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions each have their own purpose. * DefinitionConjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. * Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions connect two words or groups of words with similar values. In other words, coordinating conjunctions may connect two words, two phrases, two independent clauses, or two dependent clauses. For example, in each of the following sentences, the coordinating conjunction â€Å"and† connect s equal words or groups of words: Connects two words:  John and Reggie stayed up all night practicing their guitars.Connects two phrases:  The squirrel scurried up the tree trunk and onto a low branch. Connects two clauses:  Several managers sat with their backs to us, and I could almost hear them snickering at us lowly workers. Connect with Classrooms www. ePals. com/Join Easily Connect with classrooms all over the world, Join ePals today! Ads by Google There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in the English language, and they are often remembered by using the acronym â€Å"FANBOYS†: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. * Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by making one into a subordinating clause.The subordinating clause acts as one huge adverb, answering the questions â€Å"when† or â€Å"why† about the main clause, or imposing conditions or opposition on it. Here are some examples of subordinating co njunctions changing a clause into adverbial subordinating clauses in different ways: * I can go shopping after I finish studying for my exam. (when) * Because the night was young, Gertrude decided to take a walk. (why) * I’ll give you a dime if you give me a dollar. (condition) * Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on her way out the door. (opposition) Note: The subordinating conjunction does not lways come between the two clauses it connects. Often, it comes at the beginning of the first clause. * Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They are similar to coordinating conjunctions because they join sentence elements that are similar in importance. The following are some examples of coordinating conjunctions: Both, and:  Both Rodney and Xing made the varsity team this year. Neither, nor:  Neither Rodney nor Xing made the varsity team this year. Not only, but also:  Not only did Rodney make the varsity team, but he also be come one of the strongest players.Remember these three types of conjunctions – coordinate conjunctions, subordinate conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions – and you've got one part of speech down pat. A  conjunction  connects two or more  sentences,  clauses, or parts of clauses. Some of the most common conjunctions in English are  and,because,  but,  for,  nor,  so,  until,  when, and  yet. The two main types of conjunctions are coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. There are also correlative conjunctions, copulative conjunctions, adversative conjunctions, disjunctive conjunctions, and final conjunctions. ————————————————-Coordinating conjunctions A  coordinating conjunction  is a  conjunction  that links two words,  phrases,  clauses, or  sentences  that are grammatically equivalent. The six wo rds most commonly used as coordinating conjunctions can be remembered with the mnemonic device FANBOYS—for,  and,  nor,  but,  or,  yet,  so. Let’s look at a few examples: We have a porcupine  and  a kangaroo. [And  links two listed elements that are grammatically equivalent. ] You see  yet  do not hear. [Yet  links two grammatically equivalent actions (see  anddo not hear) performed by  you. ] We bathed the dog,  but  we couldn’t get him clean. But  links two independent clauses. ] Coordinating correlative conjunctions Some correlative conjunctions (see below for full definition) can function as joint coordinating conjunctions. For example,  neither  and  nor  in this sentence introduce grammatically equal elements, so they work together as coordinating conjunctions: Neither Joe nor John has any idea what he’s talking about. Coordinating conjunctions and commas For coordinating conjunctions,  comma  use depen ds on the nature of the linked elements. If a coordinating conjunction joins two  independent clauses, it usually should be preceded by a comma (e. g. We bathed the dog, but we couldn’t get him clean). If a coordinating conjunction links two listed elements, it doesn’t need a comma (e. g. ,  We have a porcupine  and  a kangaroo). ————————————————- Subordinating conjunctions A  subordinating conjunction  is a  conjunction  that links a  dependent clause  (also known as a subordinate clause) to an  independent clause—for example: The city recommends everyone stay inside because the winds could be dangerous. In this  sentence,  because  links a dependent clause (because the winds could be dangerous) to the main clause (The city recommends everyone stay inside).We know this  is subordinating because  because the winds could be dangerous  could not normally stand alone as a sentence. Here are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions: after albeit although as because before except if once since| that though unless until when whenever where whether while| Some phrases also function as subordinating conjunctions. Here are some of the most common ones: as if as far as as long as as well as even if even though| that inasmuch as in order to in order that so that such that| ————————————————- Other types Adversative conjunctionsAdversative conjunctions  (sometimes known as contrasting conjunctions) are  coordinating conjunctions  used to express comparisons or contrasts. The element introduced by the adversative conjunction usually qualifies or expresses a caveat with regard to the main  clause  of the  sentence. The most common adversative clauses are  but  and  yet, but   still,  however,  albeit,  although, and others are also sometimes adversative. Let’s look at a few examples of adversative conjunctions: He’s a shy  but  loving little boy. [Naples News] Here, the  phrase  but loving  creates a contrast to what is expected from the  adjective  shy.It is a living part of my spiritual life,  yet  I don’t know if one would call me a religious artist. [Houston Chronicle] In this sentence, the  independent clause  introduced by  yet  adds information to qualify what was expressed in the main clause. This technology,  although  not a foolproof way to monitor abusers, might give victims advance warning that danger is approaching. [Hartford Courant] And in this sentence, the  conjunction  although  introduces information in contrast to the main clause. Correlative conjunctions Correlative conjunctions  are two or more  conjunctions  used to link structurally identical parts of a  se ntence.Here are the most common pairs of correlative conjunctions: either–or| both–and| neither–nor| not only–but also| if–then| whether–or| Elements linked by correlative conjunctions must have parallel grammatical construction. For example, this is technically incorrect (the conjunctions are underlined): You’re  either  going to love his work  or  hate it. [Thousand Oaks Acorn] For such a construction to be correct, what follows  either  and what follows  or  must be syntactically equivalent. A diagram of this example sentence would look like, [Subject]  either  [auxiliary verb phrase] [verb] [object]  or  [verb] [object]. †?The segment following  either  has an element (the auxiliary verb phrase  going to) that the segment following  or  doesn’t have, so the two segments are not parallel. There are two possibilities for correcting this sentence: You’re going to  either  love his work  or  hate it. Either  you’re going to love his work,  or  you’re going to hate it. With sentences this short, correlative conjunctions are usually easy to use correctly. But using more complicated constructions involving correlatives such as  not only–but also  and  if  Ã¢â‚¬â€œthencan be tricker. Here’s another technically flawed use of correlative conjunctions: TTL Inc. s a socially responsible company that is  not only  known for innovations in engineering  but also  for its widespread support of education. [UA News] Here, the verb  known  should precede  not only, as the phrase following  but also  has no parallel verb. From the same article, here’s an example of correct correlative conjunction use: TTL’s passion for advanced education is seen  not only  in the hours dedicated to volunteering and guest lecturing,  but also  through endowed scholarships for prospective engineers at The University of Alabama. Commas and correlative conjunctions . Use no  comma  when the parallel segments are in the same  clause—for example: It was either really stupid or really brave. Our diversity is not only a challenge but also a gift. b. Use a comma when the two parallel phrases are in separate clauses—for example: If there’s a truly monumental disaster, then appoint the two last presidents to lend a hand. [WSJ] c. But even when two correlative conjunctions are in the same clause, it’s often acceptable to insert a comma before the second conjunction either to create a natural-sounding pause, or to prevent confusion.Copulative conjunctions Copulative conjunctions  (also known as additive conjunctions) are  coordinating conjunctions  used to denote addition. The  conjunction  indicates that the second word,  phrase,  clause, or  sentence  contains an additional fact that is related to the earlier word, phrase, clause, or senten ce. Some of the most common copulative conjunctions are  and,  also,  as well as,  moreover,  no less,  and  plus. Some copulative conjunctions may be used to start sentences—for example: My kangaroo can sing. And  she’s not too bad. Moreover, she won a Grammy last year.Plus, she’s a pretty good dancer. In the last two sentences,  moreover  and  plus  come close to becoming  adverbs  modifying the main  verbs  of their sentences (won  and the contracted  is). Such adverbial copulative conjunctions should be set off by  commas. And  does not need to be set apart. And  is the only copulative conjunction that can be used to introduce a second  independent clause  within a sentence—for example: We ate lunch, and we took a nap. Using any other copulative conjunction in place of  and  would turn this into a  run-on sentence. Disjunctive conjunctionsDisjunctive conjunctions  are  conjunctions  used to sep arate two or more mutually exclusive options presented in a  sentence. When a disjunctive conjunction is used, it usually indicates either that only one of the elements joined by the conjunctions is true, or that none of the elements are true. The conjunctions most commonly used disjunctively are  but,  either,  else,  neither, nor,  or, other, and  otherwise. Some disjunctive conjunctions are  coordinating conjunctions—for example, the  either  and the  or  in this  sentence: Poetry is usually either cheap or free.Here,  either  and  or  indicate that poetry is usually one or the other (cheap or free) but not both. Disjunctive pronouns separate these options. Other disjunctive conjunctions don’t need to be coordinated. For example, the  or  in this sentence functions on its own: I might use papier-ma? che, or I might use some kind of wood. The  or  separates two options, only one of which can be true. And in this sentence, the   neither  and the  nor  are used to indicate that neither option is true: Neither he nor his lawyer could be reached for comment. Final conjunctionsFinal conjunctions  (also known as illative conjunctions) are  coordinating conjunctions  used to introduce  clauses  or  phrases  that draw inferences or conclusions from earlier ones. Some of the most common final conjunctions (some of which are phrases) are  as a consequence,  consequently,  for,  hence,  so,  so that,  so then,  thus, and  therefore. Some final conjunctions introduce phrases within  sentences. For example, this sentence has two: In turn, this causes other asset prices to fall in those nations,  thus  worsening their banking systems, and  hence  leading to credit contraction and capital flight. NY Times] The phrase introduced by  hence  draws an inference from the phrase introduced by  thus, which in turn draws an inference from the main clause. Some final conju nctions introduce clauses within sentences—for example: Equalize the tax laws  so that  employer-provided health insurance and individually owned health insurance have the same tax benefits. [Wall Street Journal] Here, the clause introduced by  so that  infers what will occur should the action proposed in the  imperative-mood  main clause come to pass.A final conjunction may also be used to start a sentence that draws a conclusion from the preceding sentence—for example: Good writing is always about clarity and insight, precision and accuracy. Therefore, this confusing name calls into question the very quality of the writing instruction that will be given in the new department. [Inside Higher Ed] The second sentence, introduced by the final conjunction  therefore, draws a conclusion from the first sentence. And here’s one more example: Our current system provides individuals with little market power in the urchase of health insurance. As a result,à ‚  they typically pay exorbitant premiums. [The New Republic] Here, the sentence beginning with  as a result  shows what the conditions described in the first sentence lead to. OUTLINE 1. Introduction (neu d? nh nghia, vai tro c? a conjunction trong cau, trong l? i noi hang ngay. Cho vi d? ) 2. Types of conjunction 3. 1. Coordinating conjunction a. Definition b. List of coordinating conjunction c. Exercise 3. 2. Subordinating conjunction a. Definition b. List of subordinating conjunction . Exercise 3. 3. Correlative conjunction a. Definition b. List of correlative conjunction c. Exercise Note: * ph? n Definiton neu d? nh nghia, function c? a cac lo? i conjunction nay trong cau * Ph? n List of†¦ neu cac lo? i conjunction, cho vi d? , phan tich vi d? , trinh bay v? luu y khi s? d? ng d? u ph? y trong cau khi dung lo? i conjunction nay) * Ph? n exercise neu it nh? t la 10 cau, phan tich vi sao lai dung conjunction do, phan tich function c? a conjunction trong cau) 3. Conclusio n (

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Analyze diets - Essay Example The Atkins diet and South Beach diet vary in their carb phases, intake, and convenience, giving people more alternatives between low carb diets (Bowden, p.9). A person will know and make a decision which diet may work well for them by distinguishing the differences and similarities among these two diets. South Beach and Atkins diets both begin with a strict two-week introduction/induction phase where carbs are controlled. A person will bid adios to pasta, rice, sugar, bread and even alcohol as he/she is on proteins and select non-starchy vegetables. After this phase, healthy carbs like fruits and whole grains are gradually reintroduced, and dieters stick on this phase until their target weight is realized. The third phase, permanent phase, is intended to assist followers keep the pounds off by working a more moderate version of the program as a way of life. One of the main differences among the two diets is their structure. Atkins is vastly disciplined, necessitating dieters to observe of every carb they consume (Atkins, p.1) Food choices are more limited on Atkins, which may be a risk to food lovers that get jaded easily. In comparison, South Beach dieters are advised to test with a range of foods so as to find the low-carb alternatives that appeal most to them (Agatston, p. 5) Desserts are permitted on South Beach, and this polite allowance assists dieters remain to the program and be motivated. Another difference between the two diets is health. Both programs depend on recipes that include animal and other fats, but South Beach strains lean meat. Many physicians have expressed distress over the high level of saturated fats taken by Atkins dieters. Bacon cheeseburgers and ham may make them think they’ve achieved their health goal but an Atkins dieter that makes a decision to take the protein to justify binging on high-fat foods isn’t going to get happy results from their doctor at their annual medical check-up. South Beach takes a stronger stress on

Critical thinking about what conservatives think Essay

Critical thinking about what conservatives think - Essay Example The unifying factor for these morals and politics lies in conservatives’ strong belief, in family values and moral philosophy of thinking. Lakoff argues that conservatives’ conceptualization of the family as the unit of the nation corresponds to the strict father model of parenting. While Romney believes that the government should establish just, and moral laws, he believes that adults should not be dependent on the government. For instance, in his speech on â€Å"A Campion of Free Enterprise†, Romney talks of â€Å"transforming America by restoring the values of economic freedom†. This typifies the essence of conservatives’ moral philosophy. Americans metaphorically link their country to the family unit linking the government to parents and Americans to children. Romney’s speeches exemplify this point as he speaks to issues that affect the family such as morality with regard to selflessness and social behavior; child development and justice. During his, â€Å"A Champion of Free Enterprise† speech of 7th June 2012, Romney criticizes the Obama administration citing, â€Å"I put my trust in the ingenuity and creativity and commitment to hard work of the American people.† This assertion shows Romney’s belief that the family (American people) is the embodiment of the nation. Lakoff’s book exemplifies conservatives’ political philosophy to the nurturant parent technique that requires the parents (government) to protect their children (citizens) to attain their full capacity through tough rules such as tough environmental laws. For instance, Romney is pro-life and a strong opponent of abortion. Lakoff argues that conservatives lay positive emphasis on government spending on military expenses and fixed income tax percentiles. Lakoff further argues that conservatives use peculiar linguistic patterns to refer to issues affecting America (Lakoff 309). For instance, during his â€Å"Freedom

Learning style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning style - Essay Example Solitary is my best way of learning, where I carry out study on my own. Some prefer studying through social or group discussions among other styles. The reflection matches with mine since I have the unique learning style that I also prefer most, in addition, I also combine other learning styles as mentioned above. Generally, I prefer the use of solitary learning style which involves personal learning that does not involve the help of the other people. Personally, I am very shy to talk in front of other people, therefore, I do not feel comfortable in the other style like social which has to involve many people as well as the group discussions that will do have to contribute. Even though group discussions are good study habits, I do not participate so much when it comes to the group study. I do not speak so much in class, and I like keeping everything to myself, and fail to participate in the group discussion, or class participation like answering questions, demonstrations among others. Being a Non-American, I am afraid of raising my hand in front of other learners even when I know the answer because I feel they might laugh or mock me. Since I do not have the courage to face everyone, I do not contribute so much in class. Even though I do not interact so much with people, but I relate with very social friends. Physically, I enjoy playing with other people. Even though I do not talk too much, I use a lot of vocabulary to write (Erickson, p 12). My current study habit is that reading on my own in a quiet place, by so doing, I realize that I utilize my time well when I am seriously studying alone than when being with others. In fact, I sometimes prefer locking myself alone in the room to avoid external distractions. In my current study, I find it not working well with my learning style since; I realize that I need to combine a number of my learning style in order to achieve my objectives. I would prefer to adopt group

R.R.Donnelleys Marketing and Sales Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

R.R.Donnelleys Marketing and Sales - Case Study Example A consistent revenue growth resulted in an augmentation of its total revenues from $4,247.2 million in 2002 to $9,316.6 million in the year 2006 (Company Report 2). The Company enjoys a highly diversified customer base. However, in the preceding years, the cash flows of the company plummeted from $947.5 million in 2005 to $903.5 million in the year 2006 (Company Report 2). There is no denying the fact that a few key acquisitions like Office Tiger, Banta Corporation, Perry-Judd's Holdings and Von Hoffmann has enhanced its customer base and product portfolio (Company Report 3). The newly emerging threats in the form of rising raw material prices, the current economic meltdown and technological advances have certainly influenced all the functional aspects of R.R.Donnelley, including marketing and sales (Company Report 3). The current sales activities of R.R.Donnelley are focused around pursuing a balanced strategy towards capital deployment, thus allowing it to maintain "investment grade credit metrics and substantial liquidity (Business Wire 1). Most of the new companies acquired by R.R.Donnelley had a much lower operating margin then what R.R.Donnelley managed to achieve after acquisition (Business Wire 3). The entire thrust of the company has been on retaining a strict financial discipline and ushering in innovative approaches for enhancing productivity that is expected to have a direct impact on the sales. Th The things are expected to improve even further in the times to come. The net sales in the second quarter of 2008 were $2.9 billion, an impressive 4.6% more as compared to the second quarter of 2007 (Business Wire 4). The company is also focusing on ensuring the right product mix and following a competitive pricing policy (Business Wire 4). In fact, R.R.Donnelley has managed to strike a significant sales increase in logistics services and a noteworthy volume augmentation in direct mail, stock products and digital solutions, though this was diluted to some extent by a slight fall in financial printing, commercial print and forms (Business Wire 5). The company is methodically resorting to evaluating the business performance and management effectiveness pertaining to its sales activities on a regular basis. The marketing strategy of R.R.Donnelley has been historically based on aggressive innovations, customization, acquisitions, consolidations and collaborations so as to furnish a consummate product portfolio to its customers. Besides, since the last ten years, R.R.Donnelley has been at the forefront of accommodating the latest technological options and innovations and to incorporate ecommerce accessibility portals to reach to a wide customer base. Such an approach definitely creates a brand perception of R.R.Donnelley being a versatile and techno savvy service provider extending highly competitive price options. This versatility and adaptability of R.R.Donnelley has enabled it to be a success even in today's trying times. Some salient examples of R.R.Donnelley's flexible and imbibing approach will certainly make things more clear. As far back as in 2005, R.R.Donnelley came out with its Pipeline (SM) Project Management and Tracking Tool that allowed its customers an enhanced control over their multiple pre media projects while marketing their products and services. Recently, in

Argumentative research paper on Airport security versues Civil rights

Argumentative on Airport security versues Civil rights violated - Research Paper Example Security systems have been streamlined to keep the common goal of fighting terrorism alive across the world, with the most threatened countries making stringent efforts for the same. Such security systems have been facilitated at the airports, targeting international air travelers which are a common channel for terrorist activities (Basrky, 33). Stringent security searches have however faced profound criticism across the world. Whereas general rules guiding the conduct of security offices performing security searches and other procedures in airport security checks provide for humane treatment of the public, it is debatable as to whether it can actually take place. This is because there are two challenges that face the delicate issue of national and international security. First, the inherent human errors affecting officials even in other areas of service delivery could also affect the security department. Secondly, the public opinion has proved to be skeptical even in as serious as s ecurity is. The following text is an analysis of criticism launched against security systems at the airports, within the context of violation of civil rights. Alternatively, there are concluding remarks at the end of the analysis. Criticism has particularly been staged against airport security systems due to the violation of human rights that the public is exposed to (Committee on Commercial Aviation Security, 43). Personal space is intruded when the searches conducted in the airport reveal extra and irrelevant details of personal privacy and space. Some security checks are intrusive and against the reasonable intention that a similar exercise should achieve. The use of tactile searches is demeaning to the individuals undergoing it. The extensive tactile searches applied in the guise of searching for weapons and explosives are unnecessary and better methods and techniques should be devised. The objective of the search is in many instances not clearly brought out in the

HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

HW - Assignment Example This idea is applicable to both work and residential places where people do not interact more often due to various reasons. People need diversity because it promotes social integration and the development of a strong bond in work or living places. Another idea that I would implement to improve the way I work or live is to observe the rules imposed by authorities. Being a law abiding citizen or worker enables one to concentrate on valuable activities that reduce imprisonment or suspensions from work. This implies that people should always follow the rules do not waste time in the courts or facing disciplinary committees, but concentrate on their activities. Encouraging colleagues and neighbors to observe rules helps in achieving objectives and promoting unity. This is because individuals are free to consult and share ideas in areas that require teamwork and offers a wider perspective of approaching issues. I believe introducing community projects for cultural appreciation and observing regulations are significant ideas that can improve the ways a person lives or works alongside

Changing a Five Day School Week to a Four Day School Week Essay Example for Free

Changing a Five Day School Week to a Four Day School Week Essay Changing a five day week to a five day week to a four day week (For schools) Why is our traditional five day week changing to a four day week? Any reason? A four day week would result in extra hours of work, interference with family schedules and much more. In any case what’s the problem with the five day school week? The customary five day school week should stay without any alterations. There are many reasons that support the understanding of having a five day school week instead of changing it into a four day school week. Firstly, people are already used to the five day week and might have to put some changes to their regular habits. Secondly, parents at work would have a very hard time to find a person to take care of their child (babysitter); this would be a big problem for families with no money. In the third reason I speak about the kids interest areas. It would be a loss of time of their practice of their extra-curricular activities that they really enjoy from their choice classes. There are many reasons that support the understanding of having a five day school week instead of changing it to a five day school week. People are already used to the five day school week since centuries and there have not been a lot of problems with the system, so why change it right now? The four day week would make a big difference (bad changes) in their sleeping and eating habits(Proved out by the Canadian center for occupational health). Parents at work would also have a hard time finding a babysitter. They would have a hard time leaving their children alone at home. This would be a big problem for children and families who are poor and cannot afford a person to take care of their children during work. Everyone knows that education for children has an impact on the future of this country. Our education/ learning system has been going on pretty good or let’s just say progressing every day and taking a brake would obviously low the percentage down of getting all these things we hope for. Lots of high schools, middle schools and elementary schools have game time/P.  E which makes children active at least for sixty min. a day. Less activity time can lead to unhealthy diseases such as obesity. Many activities such as orchestra, robotics and arts are chosen by the child with their own interest. If a parent cannot afford a class (outside school) it would be hard for them to enjoy the lost time of the choice class they chose. Now I would like to add on more to my first reason of having a five day week instead of changing it to a four day week. All of us have been using the ive day week for centuries then why change it now? The four day week might bring a sudden change in sleep habits which in turn may cause drowsiness, laziness and other factors during working hours. The four day week might also bring sudden changes in eating habits from more regular parties and unhealthy food.. When you have another weekend, many people oversleep. You might also develop certain health problems from oversleeping on an extra holiday such as diabetes, heart diseases, stress, anxiety, apnea and many more. Another day of a holiday means more partying, and mainly eating more unhealthy food. Problems that you might develop from eating unhealthy food are: Obesity, Diabetes, bulimia, binge eating and many more. There are people out there fighting for a four day week. Let see a few of the other side’s arguments. Some say that having a four day week might help save gas money for the district. However school buses are used on weekends as a public transportation even more which in turn might get the gas costs higher instead of saving a whole bunch of money. Parents also say that children would have extra free time if allowed an extra weekend. But guess what? 70% of all kids in America would prefer to have school instead of an extra weekend. School is a place where you could interact with old friends and make new friends! Fun activities compiled with learning. What would be a better option? In conclusion I would want the school board to consider the decision of having a five day school week because of multiple reasons I told during my essay. Such as people are already used to the five day school week, poor parents and normal parents might have a hard time at work worrying about their children at work and having a babysitter, less education for the future, less activity time, less extra-curricular time and having less face-to-face time with the teacher. Therefore as a call to action I would go to the school board/superintendent and reject all proposals of having a four day week because of these several reasons. I would also write a petition/proposal regarding to keep the 5 day school week the same. This petition would include other parents signatures who agree with me.

Creative Writing Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing Essay He didn’t look anything like I’d expected. That was when I realised something was wrong. Bad thoughts were rushing through my head at a million miles an hour. I could hear and see nothing for miles except for his dark outline. Confusion and worry was all I could think and I could feel myself shaking. The footsteps were getting louder so I slowly backed away, trying not to make it obvious. Why had I agreed to this, it had been spur of the moment when I’d been upset over that stupid boy from math class. I should have known better than to be so stupid. Then he realised what was happening ‘Sweetie it’s fine. Don’t move I’ll look after you.’ his voice was deep but somehow reassuring. For a second it calmed me down. He sounded so nice, had I jumped to conclusions? Maybe he was just worried about the age gap. I started to walk towards him and he got a beer out of his bag. ‘Have some of this darling.’ He offered it to me but that was one thing I knew to reject. I wasn’t going to be even stupider and drink alcohol in this situation. He turned towards the car and signaled for me to follow. Slowly I trailed behind with my feet scuffling along the floor as I considered my options. I was scared but I didn’t want to believe he would be horrible after how well we had got on before we had met. So I followed him along the path towards what I supposed was his car at the end of the street. I felt in my pocket, my phone was there safely, it would all be fine. I can look after myself I remember thinking. If only I had known. When I reached the car we both got in, with not a word uttered from either of us. He started the car and I plucked up the courage to ask where we were going. ‘Wouldn’t you like to know’ he laughed. He revved the car and off we went through the streets. My heart started to beat faster and faster, it was out of control. I started to shake. My conscience kicked in. Stop Amber, Take control. ‘Please I don’t think this is a good idea, I want to go home’ I stuttered quietly. He laughed in my face. ‘Please, Please.’ I shouted louder but he wasn’t listening. We carried on driving. I noticed where we were driving to; it was towards the abandoned warehouse on the edge of town. I was angry with myself especially for agreeing to meet in the middle of no where, that should have been the first sign of something not being right. Who would have wanted to meet there unless they weren’t who they said they were. What shall I do? How do I get out of here? So many thoughts were swirling round my head. Then the car stopped. He started to get closer, his hand was moving down my thigh and his face was getting closer and closer to mine. I tried to move away but I could feel his warm breath on my face. He had his hand clenched tightly onto my arm so I couldn’t move. I kicked and he grabbed me even harder. I could feel his sweaty hand moving up my skirt and under my tights. I couldn’t talk, I was frozen with fear. Then I don’t know what came over me but suddenly I wasn’t scared anymore. I spat as hard as I could in his face. His shock made him pull back, this was my chance to get out. I hit him as hard as my arms would let me, moved back and then kicked him in the face. I saw his hand move towards the lock button on the car. As quick as I could I pushed the door open and fell to the street floor. Grabbing my bag I got up and ran as fast as my legs could go. I could hear shouting and screaming from behind but I daren’t look back. He was running after me, I could hear his feet pounding against the street floor. I felt a hand grab my shoulder and push me against the floor. ‘I think she’s waking up’ I heard people whispering around me. Slowly I opened my eyes and above me I could see what seemed to be a doctor and a man dressed in a suit. ‘Amber, are you okay? Do you remember what happened the other day?’ The other day? Last thing I remember was lying on the street floor looking into those dark brown eyes. Then I looked to the side and I could faintly make out the body of a man asleep on a bed next to me. As they saw me look over they started to draw the curtain around him but not before I saw them. Handcuffs locking him to the bed. It was him.

Report of Environmental and Palaeoclimatic Changes

Report of Environmental and Palaeoclimatic Changes A multi-proxy report of environmental and palaeoclimatic changes.   Introduction The question as to whether peat stratigraphy could be used as an archive of past climate change was unresolved in the 1970’s (Aaby, 1976). Peats where used as sedimentary archives from which only pollen could be extracted. However, it was long believed that peats growth was cyclical. Due too scientific advances within theories and techniques peat can now be used to derive many variables that are inherent within the structure of peat bogs and hence the study of peat embodies a library of characteristics that show different variables through-time, relevant to climate changes. Peat can be accurately used to reconstruct past climatic conditions. This is shown through changes in colour from lighter to darker which indicates wetter or drier shifts (Barber et al, 2000). When observed the colours within peat can indicate the composition of what climactic variables were during its accumulation. A lighter coloured peat would be associated to an environment cooler in temperature with more precipitation and darker peat with more high percentage of organic material present and would show a warmer climate with less precipitation (Chiverrell, 2001). Additionally, due to the absence of Oxygen within waterlogged peat bogs, the peat becomes preserved this in-turn can be studied due to how well preserved peat bogs remain through-time. The principle of palaeoclimatology is the study of climatic changes on Earth, in regards to the Earth’s history as a whole. Palaeoclimatology can be used through many various proxy methods to obtain data preserved within; sediments, rocks, tree rings, Peat and testate amoebae. Aims The aims of the multi-proxy investigation into Holcroft Moss were to; To investigate recent climate change To study the level of extent anthropogenic features have impacted on the surrounding environment Hutton and Lyell described the term, Uniformitarianism, as â€Å"the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe†. This can be applied to peat and allows for nearly modern day accuracy on analysed data due to the rule of uniformitarianism and its role in throughout nature. Study Site Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, is located 10 miles west from the City of Manchester and is found just south of a major motorway the M62 (Figure 1).      The site itself is a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1991 (Natural England, 1991). Managed and owned by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of Natural England. It is essential to best preserve this site as much as possible, due to this Cheshire Wildlife Trust have added wildlife such as cattle and sheep to constantly maintain the arena through grazing whilst also actively clearing trees and shrubbery to maintain the water table to a stable level (Cheshire Biodiversity, 2008). It is crucial that the site is kept waterlogged to varying degrees as this helps contain levels of carbon within the site and the carbon does not leech out into the surrounding environment. Correct preservation of carbon within the peat bog itself permits for an analyses that still abides by the law of uniformitarianism, allowing for good data to be collected with regards to previous climatic activity. Holcroft Moss has been studied since the 1960s in order to better understand past climatic changes, this was first done through the study of pollen within the site but through scientific advances and-time many of these first case studies have been discredited because these early techniques are not up to the standards of modern day, technological quality and methods. The information from data collected during the 1960s and 1970s is not as reliable as more recent studies. Figure 1; The location of Holcroft Moss (University of Edinburgh, 2013)( ©Ordnance Survey). Methodology Four data sets where collected to then in turn be analysed. Pollen preps where done for students upon for the interpretation of data. Standard procedures were followed for the laboratory preparation and analyses of pollen, Humification, plant macrofossils and XRF samples (Moore et al 1991, Blackford Chambers, 1993) where followed. Results   Core Description: Depth of core (cm) Description 0 4 Light Brown (0 – 1cm) Dark Brown (1 – 2cm) Light Brown (2 – 4cm) Small amounts of organic material 4 22 Darker than previous sample (0 4cm) (Very dark brown) High amounts of organic material 22 42 Organic material present Light brown 42 58 Very dark brown Some organic material 58 – 72 Very dark Brown almost black in colour Some sections are light brown. Very little organic material 72 80 Black peat with sections of medium brown dense in organic material 80 – 95 Black No/little organic material 95 – 100 Black No organic material dense Table 1; Description of 100cm core from LJMU taken in October 2014 from Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. Table 1 shows eight sections within a 100m core taken from Holcroft moss in October 2014. These eight sections where divided by the group and studied for their various different characteristics. These eight sections show with in them, transitional phases inherent to the peat bog. The light brown layers indicate poorly humified peat showing, a wetter, cooler climatic shift indicating a time with more precipitation. The darker brown areas and black parts within the 100m core show a warmer climate with less precipitation and possible influences from another source around the environment of the peat bog. Pollen Analysis Figure 2; Pollen Diagram for Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. The pollen diagram has a radiocarbon date at 50cm depth and the pollen results can be used to determine an age for the upper part of the profile. Pollen studied has been expressed showing the percentage (%) of total land pollen. The pollen analysis is split into five zones (HOL- 1-5) and percentage of tree, shrubs and herbs is represented throughout these zones which can also indicated the type of climatic environment the peat bog inhabited. Different zones at Holcroft Moss, Cheshire. Comparing averages of tree, shrub, herbs and spore species throughout that period. Depth (cm) Zone Pollen name(s) Avg % Additional information. 0 – 15 HOL-5 Betula (Birch) Poaceae (Grass family) à ¢- ª 30 à ¢- ª 53 Betula (Birch) will colonise dry bog areas and areas around a dry bog. Poaceae (Grass) is likely to be derived from both local and regional sources. Hol-5 shows a dry climate. 15 – 35 HOL-4 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Ericaceae (Heather family) à ¢- ª 24 à ¢- ª 30 à ¢- ª 30 Sphagnum (Bog Moss) often arises on wet areas of a bog. As stated above Poaceae can be derived from both local and regional sources. Additionally, the introduction of Ericaceae (Heather family) Found locally. Hol-4 shows a wetter climate. 35 – 60 HOL-3 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Ericaceae (Heather Family) à ¢- ª 22 à ¢- ª 18 à ¢- ª 24 à ¢- ª 16 Hol-3 shows a climate similar to Hol-4, with the introduction of Cyperaceae (Sedge family) a herb which is found extra-local or regional. 60 – 80 HOL-2 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Ericaceae (Heather family) Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) Ainus Glutinosa (Alder) Quercus (Oak) Betula (Birch) à ¢- ª 25 à ¢- ª 25.5 à ¢- ª 17.5 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª16 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª10.5 In comparison to Hol-3 the climatic conditions are similar but probably slightly warmer, due to the same average percentage of Sphagnum which represents a wetter climate. However, Hol-2 shows an introduction of many various tress. Herbs, spores and shrubs, many regional or extra local such as; Oak, birch, Alder and Hazel. And also Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) a peat land shrub which grows in drier parts of a bog at only a 9 % average throughout, representing a slightly warmer climate. 80 – 105 HOL-1 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) Ericaceae (Heather Family) Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) Ainus Glutinosa (Alder) Quercus (Oak) Betula (Birch) à ¢- ª 45 à ¢- ª 5 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 20 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 11 à ¢- ª 17 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 14 Hol-1 shows a very wet climate with Sphagnum (bog moss) having an average of 45% in comparison to the other four zones which are found at only half the amount of sphagnum. Many regional and extra local pollen spores are found and Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) has increased slightly showing a possible change in climate. Testate Amoebae Analysis Figure 3; Testate amoebae ordered left to right according to depth of water table for Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. Figure 3 shows the levels of depth 0-100cm where different Testate Amoebae are located. Throughout a 100cm peat core taken from Holcroft Moss, Cheshire in October 2014. A high number of Cyclopyxis Arcelloides are found at depths from 0-10cm after this depth hardly any trace is found of Cyclopyxis Arcelloides. Hyalosphenia Subflava associated with a drier climate and a lower water table spikes throughout 15 -25cm. This species decreases from 25-30cm where Arcella Discoides competes and is frequently found in percentage (20-80%) throughout the depths of 25-85cm. Hyalosphenia Subflava reoccurs after 20-25cm and is the dominate species of testate amoebae found throughout 30-50cm, 55-60cm and from 75-100cm. Other testate amoebae which can be found throughout 30-75 cm are; Assunlina Muscorum, assulina seminulum, archeralla flavum and archerella wrightianum in varying amounts all competing with each other, some of these Testate Amoebae are more suited to the conditions of a wetter higher water table such as; Archerella Flavum however, others at the depth of 35-70cm prefer a drier low water table, such as; Assunlina Muscorum. Many of these species reduce in percentage after a depth of 75cm for Hyalosphenia Subflava to become the dominate testate amoebae species found in Holcroft Moss which indicates a drier climate with a lower water table. Humification Data Figure 4; Humification data. Annotated showing varying levels of light transmission. Taken from 100m core, Holcroft moss, Cheshire. October 2014. Figure 4 shows different climatic periods. These are taken from the Humification data which analyses levels of light transmission going through a sample. Throughout the 100m core taken. The data was analysed and collectively put together to be interpreted. The data shows different climates variants throughout time the 100cm peat sample had been accumulating. At lower depths the sample represents a wetter climate, then throughout the middle it indicates a drier climate to then go back into a wetter climate throughout the top 20cm. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Figure 5; XRF analysis for lead (Pb) concentration in parts per million (PPM) showing down core trends. Annotated showing radio carbon dates. Holcroft Moss, Cheshire. October 2014. Figure 5 shows low levels of lead (Pb) within peat. From 1880 AD and earlier, there are only minor amounts of Pb found within the depths of 30-100cm. However at 30-0cm the peat shows a much higher concentration of Pb this is around the time of 1880 AD (the industrial revolution). After this time Pb concentration found within Holcroft moss increases up to 800+ PPM for 92 years (1972) after this Pb concentration declines into 200 PPM for current day. Discussion To further understand the palaeoclimatic reconstruction from the peat bog located at Holcroft Moss, the proxy data is combined, and considered from all the proxies data studied. This allows for a clearer, more incise data set shown rather than a singular proxy was only studied like in the 1970s (Barber, 2009). Data from the multi-proxy study into Holcroft Moss and the past climatic changes throughout a 100cm core taken shows representative evidences which allows for the correct interpretation of these data sets to allow for a better evidence in understanding past climatic changes. For example, figure 3 and 4 give insight into corresponding wet and dry climatic shifts, this is shown through testate Amoebae species and through the Humification of peat samples from Holcroft Moss. Wet and Cool Climatic shifts. To correctly analyses wet and cool climatic shifts Humification data (figure 4) allows for the interpretation of light transmission. Throughout this data set there are indications to a wetter climate with more precipitation throughout the poorly humified peat this is found throughout 0cm-18cm and also from 80-105cm. Poorly Humfied peat suggest a cooler climate due to the high levels of light transmission found throughout these areas of the sample taken, this also indicates more precipitation at the time (Chiverrell, 2001). When comparing Humification data to the Testate Amoebae study (figure 3) it shows two periods where a wet, cooler climate is found, indicated due to the types of species found within the testate amoebae 100cm core taken. When analysed there are small shifts between 20-25cm, with a change in species throughout 35-85cm, the dominant testate amoebae being Archerella Flavum which represents a higher water table and that of an environment which has more precipitation, indicating a wet and cool climatic shift. Dry and Warm Climatic Shifts. When comparing Humification (figure 4) data to testate amoebae (figure 3) data to analyses periods of warmer climates it is evident that throughout 20-85cm the climate was a wetter cooler climate with high levels of precipitation. However, between 5-20cm and 85-100cm the dominant species is Hyalosphenia Subflava. The species reoccurs from depths at 5-20, 30-50, 55-60, 70-85, 90 and 100cm the presence of Hyalosphenia Subflava would indicate a dry, warmer climate. However, when compared to Humification data, some of these dry shift are not shown, this may be due to the fact Humification data may not show subtle changes in an environment whereas a living organising depends on certain characteristics within the environment which show some subtle changes in climate that Humification data could not determine correctly. The data from Humification may show altering data presenting longer wetter phase in climate but when compared to Testate Amoebae data the evidences sometimes shows the oppos ite indicating a dry warm climatic shift, these errors are found usually found with in a transition period in the climate, this may be why data is interpreted different due to the reason variables within the peat are changing. Human Impacts The best evidence within the study of multi-proxies to test on how much involvement anthropogenic features have within the environment of the peat bog is found within the XRF data. the evidences shows lead (Pb) in PPM within peat at Holcroft Moss (1280 AD and earlier – to present day). From 1280 AD the presence of Pb was hardly an influence within the peat bog, this changed from 1880 AD onwards, which was due to the introduction of lead within the environment. Pb in PPM throughout the Holcroft Moss sample constantly rises for 92 years, to then decrease (1972 AD) However, these levels are still high concentrations of PB and are found at (200+ PPM). From 1880 -1972 AD lead constantly rises and this would coincide with the industrial revolution, which includes the introduction of engines which used lead, this input from human based activities towards the environment is clearly shown in the XRF data and the Pb percentage drops in the 1980’s which coincides with the replacement of leaded petrol to unleaded petrol, it is more than likely that the use of automobiles, especially with Holcroft Moss being located so close to the M62 had an influence on Pb input throughout the time of 1880-1972AD and still continues to this day. Conclusion The Multi-proxy study of palaeoclimatic changes within the Earth through data sets taken from Holcroft Moss allow for a reconstruction of previous climates at that time this peat was accumulating. Holcroft Moss, Cheshire is a site of special scientific interest (SSSI) as the site allows for multiple outputs of data, which can in turn be used for an approach of how aspects within the accumulation of peat have changed through-time. Peat bogs do not rely on outside factors to influence growth and production of peat. The system is sustainable and constant, with the only variable changing its characteristics being climate and the input of regional/extra local inputs, natural or anthropogenic. Due to this, outside factors influencing or affecting the area have a minor effect of the full development of a peat but can still be measured precisely showing a clear and accurate reconstruction of past environments and climates. References Aaby, B., 1976. Cyclic climatic variations in climate over the past 5500 years reflected in raised bogs. Nature 263, 281–284 Barber, K. E. et al. 2000. Replicated proxy-climate signals over the last 2000 yr from two distant UK peat bogs: new evidence for regional palaeoclimate telecommunications. Quaternary Science Reviews. Volume 19. pp. 481-487. Blackford, J.J. and Chambers, F.M. (1993). Determining the degree of peat decomposition for peat-based palaeoclimatic studies. International Peat Journal 5, 7-24. Barber, P. (2009). Peat stratigraphy and climate change. Quaternary International, [online] Quaternary International 268(2012) 1–8. Available at: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/peripheral-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/7AC7018960094F5290E62B8298DCABE4/keb_biography_qi_2012_editorial.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015]. Chiverrell, R. C. 2001. A proxy record of late Holocene climate change from May Moss, northeast England. Journal of Quaternary Science. Volume 16. pp. 9-29. Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. Collinson, M.E. (1991). Pollen Analysis, Blackwell, Oxford. Websites Natural England, (1991). Holcroft Moss. [online] Available at: http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006461.pdf [Accessed 16 Jan. 2015].

Essay --

Sanjiv Prabhunandan English 10 H/3rd Period Democracy vs. Absolutist Rule The esteemed neurologist Sigmond Freud once said that â€Å"civilization began the first time an angry person cast a word instead of a stone†. Though these words ring true, they are often interpreted differently by those in power, and it is they who ultimately shape what kind of society will take shape during the times of formation. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, Ralph and Jack’s contrasting personalities are displayed in their leadership styles. Ralph, the more passive and reasonable of the two, adopts a democratic style of leadership while the latter adopts a more ruthless and absolutist one. While the democratic rule is more sensible and fair approach to take, the lack of any authority brings out the savage nature of the boys and Jack’s monarchy becomes not only the favored leadership style of the group but also the most effective. The crux of democratic thinking is the idea that everybody’s thoughts are equally valued and that everybody has an equal responsibility for the actions that take place. This is a concept that was developed by the greatest thinking minds of the day and was promoted by Classical philosophers and thinkers who dreamed of a utopian society of equality and freedom for all. In fact, Pericles writes that â€Å"we are called a democracy, for the administration of justice is in the hands of many and not of the few†. But power comes with responsibility, and for a democracy to be successful, the concept has to be wholeheartedly accepted by its citizens. And often times, that means that citizens have to give up some of their individual in order to reap the benefit that â€Å"The Fascist Decalogue† states that â€Å"the nation serves even as a senti... ...or worse, Jack followed the same steps that great absolutist leaders (Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis XIV, Joseph Stalin) in history have used: he swayed public opinion to his side, deposed of the current leadership, and used propaganda and other methods to make the public think that he is a god-like presence. The fact that all this happens naturally instead of it being forced like Ralph proves that the absolutist form of ruling is the best option for the island. In a perfect world, giving the greatest power to the common man makes the most sense, but often times, situations arise where one person must take control and declare himself leader. Discerning which type of government is best for certain an environment is up for the people to decide. Though force and oppression can temporarily suppress the voice of the people, ultimately they get to choose who stays and goes.

Cold War :: essays research papers

†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  War without fighting †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerned America and the Soviet Union †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atlantic Charter, Aug 1941 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tehran Conference, Dec 1943. FDR, Churchill and Stalin  What to do with Germany †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oct 1944, Europe divided into sections: Western powers and Eastern Block †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yalta, Feb 1945  Big Three. Aliies close to victory, Soviets in control of Poland. Cold War may have begun here. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany disarmed b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Split into 4 zones c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  USSR get half of reparations d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  USSR join UN †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potsdam, July 1945 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truman is US president a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany disarmed b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  De-Nazification c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  War Crimes d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reparations inkind (other countries can take goods) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Europe in 2 spheres of influence a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communist b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capitalist †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soviets afraid of US economy and atom bomb †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iron curtain decending upon Europe †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek civil war  US and Russia fight with opposing sides, never fire a shot at each other †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 12. 1947  The Truman Doctrine †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This doctrine proclaims a policy of containment a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American foreign policy must contain Communism †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 1947, Marshall Plan a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sec. Of State, George Marshall stated that the US would give billions of dollars to whoever wanted it. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American goal: To rebuild Europe so it doesn’t fall to communism †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Russians refused money †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other countries took them, but with strings attached a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Must open money to US goods b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Must open economic policies for US to look at †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berlin Crisis: Germany into 4 zones and Berlin into 4 zones †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berlin in Russian side †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goods come in by train, road and air †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1948, new gov’t in West Germany †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  East German money was worthless †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1948: Blockade of roads and rail by Soviets into Berlin †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berlin Airlift: US forces and British forces flew supplies to Berlin †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soviets gave in 1949

Technology and Morals in Isbens An Enemy of the People and Freuds Civilization and its Discontent :: Enemy People Civilization Discontents

Technology and Morals in Isben's An Enemy of the People and Freud's Civilization and its Discontents As technology increases do the morals of society degrade? This is a very scientific question to ask about quite an emotional subject. A scientist would ask for a set of data correlating points of increasing technology with corresponding points of moral standards. The brutal truth is that you can't know. No one can be certain about the moral standards of a people at a certain time in the past, let alone the present. And how do you face a period of time when the technological standards and ideas actually fell in relationship from the previous time period. Did their moral standards improve? I doubt it. Arguing for the code of chivalry and the honor of knights falls apart when you look away from fairy tales, that and the fact that most of the population of Europe was peasants, anyways. But seriously, a person really can't know. The only problem technology brings forth is that people can find a more efficient way of getting what they want. Because after all, isn't that all huma n nature is? And morals are defined by human nature. So if one person wants to kill people, technology will aid that person in doing so. Of course there's a monetary price to that technology, so you'll be able to kill people only as efficiently as your budget constraint allows. However, it's still not that hard or expensive to buy a gun and shoot someone. What I'm leading up to is that technology does not affect the morals of a people. It affects how efficiently they can carry out their goals, not their goals directly. Of course you can say that the possibility of doing something creates a desire to do it, but is someone going to commit genocide if they don't want to kill a single person in the first place? Technology does not affect people's morals directly: it allows people to follow their nature (to carry out their goals) more efficiently. Henry Ibsen gives the best argument for this case. In his play, An Enemy of the People, the mayor of the town, Peter Stockmann, only wants what is best for the town and his public image. His brother, Dr.

What Makes a Good Psychology Essay?

Words: 525 â€Å"What makes a good Psychology essay? † When writing an essay it is important to explain what the essay question is asking for. This helps when it comes to understanding what information is required from the essay. Before starting the essay the topic area that the essay question refers to must be recognised and well-understood, so researching topic areas before beginning an essay is essential. There are many modules in psychology such as cognitive psychology, individual and abnormal behaviour, biological psychology, social and development psychology and so on.It is important to determine which of these modules the essay question is relating to. Once the essay question has been understood the next step is deciding in what information to include. The information must be valid and relevant to the question. The content of the essay could be either descriptive or analytical; a descriptive essay, for example, needs to be factual and concise describing a specific area of psychology. An analytical essay on the other hand, requires you to compare and contrast different methods or models.A psychological essay involves specialist vocabulary, the content of the essay is written using psychological terminology in a clear and concise manner. To be able to write this way technical terms and definitions must be understood. An essay must be precise and also be able to distinguish between fact, opinion and argument. There are other factors that affect the quality of a psychology essay such as clarity and grammar. An essay must be easy to understand but yet use complex psychological terms. The point of a psychological essay is to convey relevant information in an academic manner.It also helps to know what information gains mark, as to avoid the inclusion of any irrelevant information. Academic English must be used to ensure that the person writing the essay is not misunderstood by the essay marker, academic English is more formal than â€Å"normal† En glish as it creates a sense of professionalism and confidence. Psychological essays have a generally accepted structure. They are written in continuous prose. The first section is an introduction providing the reader with background information about the topic area also includes the hypothesis or aim of the essay.The main section or discussion provides accurate descriptions of the topic area and the theories or research related through it. Essentially the main section attempts to answer the hypothesis or the title of the essay. Any relevant statistical information would be discussed in this section but still using a formal English style. The last section is a conclusion to the essay; this contains a summary of the discussion or main section, an evaluation will also be included and any sources or references would be cited here.Good psychological essays always have supporting data or evidence; the inclusion of these would make a reliable and precise essay. Psychological essays cite so urces using a specific method where the name of the author is written with the date of the supporting publication following in brackets. The Harvard system of referencing is used in psychological essays, both direct and indirect forms of referencing can be used. I have concluded that a good psychological essay would follow the processes I have discussed. Source – (www. psy. gla. ac. uk)

Baroque Music: Speech And Debate

Speech and Debate 8. October 2009 churrigueresconess Music Hello, my name is and thank you for sense of hearing to my speech. Have you ever thought virtually how symphony got to the way it is today? churrigueresqueness symphony may seem long-winded or useless, but is a truly definitive actuate of medicine history. today I am sledding to conference about the basics of churrigueresque music, the of import instruments apply during the baroque period, and the influences on baroque composers. So, to give you some context of baroque music, here ar the six successions of music. As you merchant ship see, baroque is to contendds the middle, from 1600-1750.Baroque music is easily recognizable from distinct eras of music because of its distinct qualities. correspond to essentialsofmusic. com, the baroque era produced truly dramatic music. In a baroque piece, thither are some(prenominal) a(prenominal) switches in dynamics, which means that the music would be soft the n all of a sudden loud, or vice versa. This is because the instruments at the term werent capable of sensitive volume. There are also many switches between solos and ensembles, so there would be one person playing, then on the spur of the moment the whole group would join. According to baroque. com, baroque music was also really repetitive.The equivalent rhythms were repeated multiple times end-to-end the piece. Also, the mood was kept the same throughout the piece. For example, when a song began sadly, it ended sadly. The instruments use in a piece of music have a lot of uphold on the sound. There were many different types of instruments used during the baroque era. According to thinkquest. com, there were about thirteen important instruments used. The beginning(a) tierce, the clavichord, harpsichord, and organ are keyboard-like instruments. The harpsichord is the close popular out of the three and is a factor that makes baroque music unique.The three main string instrum ents used were the violin, reprise bass, and lute. The violin was the most popular in the Baroque period whereas the lute and twofold bass were used more in the Renaissance. The three main wind instruments used were the bassoon, oboe, and flute. The trumpet, trombone, and horn were used in big groups but not for solos. The only percussion, or drums, used was the timpani, which is a set of atomic number 23 drums that can be tuned to different notes. When a composer is writing music, they are influenced by the things vent on around them in the world.During the baroque period, there were many major events occurring. According to Catherine Schmidt-Jones article Music of the Baroque boundary on cnx. org, the epoch of Reason was going on during the baroque period. This meant that many superb scientists like Galileo ad Henry Bacon were fashioning discoveries. Also during the Age of Reason, churches had less superpower than they did in the Middle Ages or Renaissance. So, musician s didnt rely on them as very much to buy their music which led to more diverse and creative styles. According to eh. net, the Age of Crisis was also occurring during the baroque period.This consisted of a very long recession and a war between France, England, and several other low countries, which controlled two of Europes biggest economies. immediately that you know more about baroque music, here are a a few(prenominal) composers from this time. Bach is the one that will be familiar to most of you. Now I am going to play a selection of Baroque music. At the very beginning, you can hear the string instruments, broadly violin, playing very softly. If you listen virtually you will hear the counterpoint as many different split are played at the same time. Then, suddenly the music gets very loud and emphasised but still keeps the same mood.The arrangement instruments are playing in the background but are not the main part. This song is called Water Music and is by George Frider ic Handel. In closing, I hope that you can see that baroque music is an important part of musical history. The basics of baroque music, instruments used during the baroque period, and influences on baroque composers are all an important part of what makes up baroque music. So, the next time you hear some older music, kinda of tuning it out, listen for the different parts of the piece. Thank you again for listening and I hope you enjoyed my speech.

Goa Tourism

Goa isnt about shores.Goa lies in Western Coast of India and is 594 Kms (by road) away from Mumbai city. Goa, for the purpose of revenue administration is divided into district viz. North and South Goa with headquarters at Panaji and Margao respectively. The entire State comprises 11 talukas.It is a tourist attraction site.and South Goa comprising five talukas with an area of 1966 sq. ilometers. In all there are 383 villages of which 233 are in North Goa district and 150 in South Goa district. As per the 2001 census, there are 44 towns of which 14 are Municipalities and remaining are census towns.

North Goa provides a number of accommodations.Goa is Indias richest state start with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the country as a whole. It was ranked the best placed state by the early Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National new Commission on Population based on the 12 Indicators.Panaji is the states capital, while Vasco da Gama is the largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter.Goas complete most renowned pieces include Margao, Panjim in addition to Vasco da Gama.It lies between the latitudes 14Â °53? 54? N and 15Â °40? 00? N and longitudes 73Â °40? 33? E and 74Â °20? 13? E. Most of Goa is a part of the coastal country known as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it f rom the Deccan Plateau. The highest important point is the Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 meters (3,827 feet).Goa has a coastline of 101 km (63 mi).

Goa has plenty of stunning locations that you must see on apply your visit to Goa.Goa has more than forty estuarine, eight marine and about ninety riverine islands. The total navigable length of Goas rivers is 253 km (157 mi).Goa has few more than three hundred ancient tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty and over a hundred medicinal springs. Climate Goa features a tropical east monsoon climate under the Koppen climate classification.Our tour packages cover a wide selection of vacations.Goa has a short winter season between mid-December and February. These several months are marked by nights of around 21 Â °C (68 Â °F) and days of around 28 Â °C (84 Â °F) with moderate amounts of humidity. Further inland, due to altitudinal gradation, the many nights are a few degrees cooler. During March 2008 Goa was lashed with heavy rain and strong winds.

A Goa trips cost is based on the rainy season youre travelling.Goa has scheduled international connections to Doha, Dubai, Sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands and Russia during the charter flight tourist season. Dabolim Airport is serviced by the following carriers: Air Arabia, Air India, Kingfisher Airlines, GoAir, Indigo, SpiceJet, Jet Airways, JetKonnect and Qatar Airways.Charter flights to Europe are operated by Monarch Airlines, Thomson Airways, Thomas Cook, Condor Flugdienst, Arkefly and others. Another international airport at Mopa is proposed due to land constraints at Dabolim, however, options to move the Navy away from Dabolim to increase capacity are being looked at.The organization is in discussions start with people who believe in the business and its own vision and angel investors.Goa has four National Highways passing through it. NH-66 (ex NH-17) runs along Indias west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A day running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. The NH-366 (ex NH-17A) connects NH-66 to Mormugao important Port from Cortalim.

Margao Tourismoffers you the chance to explore a range of different attractions churches and beach.Another form of transportation in Goa is the motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who are locally called â€Å"pilots†.These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at fares that are usually negotiated. Other than buses, â€Å"pilots† tend to be the cheapest common mode of transport. River crossings in Goa are serviced by flat-bottomed ferry boats, operated by the river navigation department.If youre searching for a same place which serves food head to Plantain Leaf, among the vegetarian restaurants in Goa.Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goas hinterland. Panjim, which is on the banks of the Mandovi, has a minor port, which used to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s. There was see also a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s.Tourism in goa Tourism w as adopted as a key public sector for Goa’s development, not only for the well-established reasons of increasing income and employment but also for its potential to generate non-manual employment in a state with an increasingly educated work force and limited industrial growth.

Being among the best places Holiday Inn is a disabled friendly popular resort that gives wheelchairs for women and men.Over 90 percent of domestic tourists and over 99 percent of the international tourists frequent these areas.Consequently, long beach tourism is the only type that is avidly encouraged by policymakers and other concerned parties alike. Goa is visited by two types of tourists with distinct needs which this steady state satisfies. The first is the domestic tourists, who comprise 80 percent of all tourists.Yes, food is a celebration here.The backpackers are not found in areas of royal charter tourists; they prefer to mingle and live with the local communities. Whereas, the charter tourists tend to stay in the luxury starred hotels. Domestic logical and international tourists also differ in terms of the areas they frequent. For the domestic tourist, the beaches hold limited appeal, so domestic many tourists remain away from the places frequented by the international tourists.

It also cannot be cooked in the open.million of whom were from abroad. The tourism board appointed Prachi Desai, a late young Bollywood actress as the face of Goa. Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer. In the long winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the climate.Responsible tourism is what were promoting, states Samarth.In many parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style modern architecture still stand, though in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. Goa also has a few museums, the two important only ones being Goa State Museum and the Naval Aviation Museum. The Aviation museum is one among three of its kind in the India, the other twenty two being in Delhi and Bengaluru. Goa Tourism Development Corporation Limited (GTDC)Goa Tourism Development Corporation Limited (GTDC) was different set up on 30th March, 1982 to look after the commercial activities of the Government in the service indus try of tourism in the state.

Travelling in old Goa is quite easy.The Board of Directors consists of 12 members. The shareholders consist of 7 members, all of whom are Government nominees. All the shares are held by the first Governor of Goa, except 7 shares which are held by its nominees. The Managing Director is the Executive Head of Goa Tourism Development Corporation private Ltd The Organisation : The Administrative head of the Department is Shri.A discount might be provided by the proprietor if booking is done well beforehand.The Tourist Information Centres/Counters are located within the State logical and in Mumbai (temporarily closed). The Zonal Officers are primarily responsible for monitoring the Registration of Tourist Trade under the Tourist Trade Act, 1982. The Director of Tourism: The direct current Director of Tourism is Shri. Nikhil Desai.

Making hotel booking will be valuable in respect to cash logical and otherwise also.Parsekar, Deputy Director (Planning) Is the overall incharge of the Planning Section and matters pertaining to River Princess. Shri. Arvind B. Khutkar (Revenue) Is the overall incharge of the Revenue Section.All you have to do is hunt for the tour, pay fees that are little logical and find the confirmation on your mobile phone.Shri. Jose Roque Gracias Flor, Asstt. Director (Trade) Shri. Rajesh A.

Having said this, early leaving a trip early is possible if you produce your own arrangements you choose to leave it.Ganesh R. Teli, Assistant Planning Officer (Planning) Shri. young Subhash K. Kavlekar, Assistant Planning Officer Shri.Activities of the Department : Policy Formulation. Development of Infrastructure. Goa Tourist Places (Protection and Maintainance) Act, 2001 old Goa Land (Prohibition of Construction) Act, 1995Administration of Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act. It is mandatory for all Hotels, Travel Agents, Tour Operators, Tourist Guides, Tourist Taxi Operators and Dealers of notified articles and other persons engaged in tourist activities to register themselves under the Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act, Registration is to be annually renewed.To create & project a customer friendly & professional image. To comply start with quality management systems. To periodically review established quality objectives. To continually improves and enhance effectiven ess of quality management systems.

Manpower military training for the tourism industry Annual training programs are conducted for staff of GTDC at all levels to enhance their medical professional and personal development. Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Grievances to be addressed to the Executive Head i. e.Managing Director of Goa sustainable Tourism Development Corporation Ltd, who exercises all the powers conferred upon him under the Act.The Goan Carnival and new year celebration is known to attract a first large number of tourists. Dance and music Traditional Goan art forms are Dekhnni, Fugdi, Corridinho, Mando, Dulpod and Fado. Goan Hindus are very fond of Natak, devotional Bhajan and Kirtan. Many famous Indian Classical singers hail from Goa, including Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki and Pandit Prabhakar Karekar.Coconut and desiccated coconut oil are widely used in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices and vinegar giving the food a unique flavour. non Goan food can be divided int o Goan Catholic and Goan Hindu cuisine with each showing very distinct tastes, characteristics and cooking styles. Pork dishes such as Vindaloo, Xacuti, chorisa and Sorpotel are cooked for major occasions among the Goan Catholics.An exotic Goan vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike.The state also has a rich wine culture. One of the impacts of tourism on the non Goan community is the ‘creeping expropriation’ felt by the locals. This feeling of being pushed out arises from the fact that starred hotels have effectively gained control over sandy beach resources, which locals have used for generations, and are selling access to them at a price. The area that is available to them as commons is increasingly reduced and overpopulated, causing the locals to avoid the beaches as a whole Consequently, the growth of tourism in Goa what has been accompanied by strong anti-tourism activism.

Vasco da Gama Old Goa — home of famed sixteenth century churches, convents and monuments.Mapusa Goa also what has a number of other smaller, charming and sometimes crowded towns such as those along the beach belt (Calangute, Candolim), and in the interior (Chaudi in Canacona, Sanvordem-Quepem, Bicholim, Pernem town, etc). Some of these are gateways to the nearby touristic areas. In addition, Goa has some nearly 350 villages, often scenic and each having a character of its own.Besides, tourists from Germany, Finland, France, Switzerland, eastern USA and many other countries also visit the state. The domestic tourist comes from all over India, as Goa is a very popular tourist’s destination.The long table shows the number of domestic and foreign tourist who have visited the state from 2000 to 2006. Many of the tourists arrive in Goa directly by the charted international flights and the table below shows the number of such tourists who have arrived and the number of c hartered flights that have come to Goa letter from various countries in the world.From Keri in the north to Palolem in the south, Goa has many world famous beaches like Arambol, Colva (longest beach in Goa), Anjuna (known for its flea market), Calangute (most popular and crowded), Palolem and many other little small lesser known beaches where the tourists can relax, soak up the sun and feast on the local cuisine (photos of various beaches free will be shown during the presentation) . Adventure Tourism: It has recently become very popular in India. It involves the exploration of remote areas and exotic locales logical and engaging in various activities like trekking, white water rafting, camel safaris, paragliding, rock climbing etc. Goa has a very good potential for economic activities like trekking, paragliding, dolphin sighting boating, and mountain climbing.Almost 60% of the Goan area is protected area. Around 1. 25 lakhs tourist visit these sanctuaries every year. Goa has a vari ety of flora and fauna which could be used to attract tourists to these places.

Foreigners from many developed countries prefer to come to Goa for a variety of treatment ranging from dental surgery, hearing problems, knee replacements to even heart surgery. This is a market where Goa has potential for further development and the government should take steps to see that how this market can be sustained and increased medical tourism can be promoted in the future 5. Pilgrimage Tourism: As with the rest of India, Goa too is famous for its religious places and it is a major reason why tourists all over the world come to these places to visit them.The World Heritage Site at Old Goa is a major tourist attraction with a large number of many churches such as St Cajetan, Our Lady of the Mount, St Francis of Assisi Church and Convent, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Se Cathedral, Church of Our Lady of Rosary, the Archaeological Museum, the Christian Art Museum, the ruins of the Church and Monastery of St Augustine, The Chapel of St Catherine, the Viceroy’s Arch, Chapel of St Anthony (opposite the ruins of the Church of St Augustine) Convent of Santa Monica.Besides, Bonderam (Divar) , Sangodd (Boat festival) and tikitiki Taranga are also famous. Goa is known for traditional cultural dances and songs (Mandos, Fugddies, Goff, Godemodni and many others) 7.Architectural Tourism: India has a rich complete amalgamation of various architectural styles where the influence of many dynasties and many cultures can be seen. Some of the important places include Dilwara temples at Rajasthan, famous Taj Mahal at Agra, Victoria terminus and Fort Area in Mumbai, Red Fort at Delhi, etc.The hinterlands of Goa, far from the noise of the city, are perfect for yoga and meditations. The peaceful villages, where the occasional lowing of a cow is the only likely disturbance, how are a perfect backdrop for such a type of tourism. Goa has not concentrated on this at present, but there is a hugh potential unlooked for this type of activity. 9.Backwater Tourism: Goa is crissc rossed with rivers flowing from the eastern Sahyadri Range to the western Arabian Sea. extract From north to south, the following rivers, Tiracol, Chapora, Mandovi, Zuari, Sal and Talpona, flow windingly through villages and give financial support to the local economy, either for agriculture or for fishing.Sight seeing can be done from the water instead of the road. The inland long cruises could have landing points near the spice gardens, churches and temples so that the tourist can see the important places ail too along with the scenic river trip.

The microlevel impact of tourism on the destination area immediately around it has been relatively less studied, if at all. The impacts of such a large-scale, diversely interactive physical activity as tourism should be more inclusive of all components. Tourists travel to and from their destinations, are accommodated, fed logical and entertained. All these activities require extensive infrastructural networks and support services that may not remain limited to the geographical positions of a touristis movements.Improving environmental management and planning. 3. Increasing the environmental awareness. 4.For the purpose of this discussion, coastal waters, bays, backwaters, creeks, tidal inlets, and estuaries are considered as components of the marine part of the coastal zone. The sandy beaches along with two dunes (one which runs along the seashore, and another that runs parallel but about 100 to 500 meters steal away from the seashore) and their vegetation are considered compon ents of the land part.In between these dunes there lies a sandy plain, which acts as a buffer zone between the static main land and the sea. The following impacts on the marine part of the coastal zone have been observed while surveying the ecosensitive coastal areas of Goa.†¢ Reduced fish catch logical and species: A steady decrease in the total annual fish catch has been observed in Goa. The catch has declined from 105. 44 thousand pure tones in 1993-94 to 101. 90 in 1994-95 and in 1995-96, to 87.

b) Loss of spawning grounds: Reasons for this could be mangrove deforestation, land reclamations and siltation. Short-term economic gains from the development of these areas is obviously preferred over the long-term benefits of the conservation of ecology. c) Introduction of anthropogenic material: Any disturbance at any step in the marine food web may inadvertently affect other species. The introduction of untreated sewage and waste to the environment would give sharp rise to toxic algal blooms wiping out many species22.Prime examples are Campal and Caranzalem near Panaji, Palolem, Agonda and many other places, where a considerable amount of construction activities have occurred . 2. Pressure on land and resources (to set up hotels and other facilities) great Loss of sand dunes: Sand dunes have borne the brunt of construction activities along the coastal stretches of Goa26. Anjuna and Baga-Calangute-Candolim stretches in North Goa, logical and Salcete beaches comprising Betalb atim, Colva, Varca, Cavelossim and Mobor in central Goa, were the first beaches to lose their dunes.Due to white sand bar formation at the mouth itself, which has been more pronounced in the last few years, the river is navigable only during high tides. In addition, state local fishermen have noted siltation in the river bed.All these observations suggest disturbances in the natural sediment load dispersion patterns in the River Talpona. 4.Both the last mentioned problems could be solved through improved enforcement of regulations and infrastructual improvements. Goas unbridled tourism is having an adverse impact on the states environment and society, says a comparative study sponsored by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Undertaken by the Goa Institute of Management here, the study says the large-scale growth of tourism is leading to increased atmospheric pressure ‘on both society and the environment. Preserving the national heritage and reducing environmental degra dation have become crucial issues for concern.

Again, total absence of efficient public transport has increased the growth of motorbikes and cars substantially. This in turn has aggravated environmental pollution. ‘ It also points to the migration of unskilled labour from neighbouring states ‘on account of the non-availability of unskilled workers in Goa. Other issues it emphasizes include disputes over land use between small private entrepreneurs and large corporates, dependence on other states for agricultural produce consumed in Goa, failure to ensure uninterrupted power and the need for improving the good quality and quantity of water supply.Growth of tourism might have also adversely affected the poor and downtrodden, especially during peak season when prices usually go up. A proper accurate assessment needs to be done, the study states. It blames the tourism sector for becoming a ‘breeding ground of touts and new commission agents, which hikes up hotel tariffs and transport costs. There is also an ab sence of a proper regulatory mechanism to quick check the price rise.It is estimated that tourism contributes to around 13. 7 percent of Net State Domestic Product; 7 percent of employment and 7 percent to state tax revenues.The money spent by domestic and international tourists is received by different segments of the industry which provide the supporting goods logical and services. Tourist receipts can be classified into five categories: accommodation and food, shopping, internal travel, entertainment and miscellaneous items.Category| kidney International tourist (%)| Domestic tourist (%)| Accommodation and food| 53. 95| 58. 20| Shopping| 24. 84| 26.

80| Miscellaneous expenses| 4. 97| 2. 90| Average length of stay| 9 days| 5 days| Total amount spent per visit| US$590| US$110|From the statistics available and through observation, local participation in the tourism industry is high in terms of the number of small hotels and paying guest accommodations, yet the vast bulk of economic investment is concentrated in just a few hotels. Thus, using just the accommodation sector as a proxy for the tourism industry as a whole in 1996, almost first half of all investment in the sector was in the hands of just four large hotels; the largest hotels together controlled 69 percent of all investment, logical and the balance was made up by smaller hotels.Often large tourism development projects require the displacement of some of the original inhabitants of the area. Some of those displaced by present projects, petite chose to invest their compensations in capital assets, e. g. , taxis, and have become to a degree upwardly mobile in an econo mic sense.Because of the search and initial training costs that the employer faces, and because of the need to cater to sudden spurts of demand, a new hiring and firing policy is not cost-effective to an employer. The first reaction of employers is to keep labor, but reduce the work hours, a situation akin to holding inventories of labor in excess of demand.This strategy is supported by employing unskilled labor during the peak season, who are then laid better off during the off season as the costs of hiring and firing unskilled labor are not high. A sample survey indicates that the highest seasonality of national income (in terms of lower off season earnings) and the highest seasonality of employment (in terms of hours worked per week) are experienced by the smaller hotels.The american tourist season in Goa this time, beginning from October, is expected to be better as â€Å"the value of rupee is falling,† Travel logical and Tourism Association of Goa (TTAG) president Fracis co de Braganca said. Europeans find Goa a cheaper destination and naturally they will fly here,† he said, adding that, however, the situation is not same for the UK travellers, whose own economy is in crisis. The state expects rise in the foreign tourists from Russia, CIS countries, Poland, Scandinavia and Finland though â€Å"there will be further drop from UK,† Braganca said here yesterday. But, overall TTAG expects a rise in the number of tourists owing to the sluggish rupee versus dollar.

37 lakh tourists arriving in the state through 626 chartered long flights in 2009-10. The state government needs to address several issues existing within the system that would encourage more tourism in Goa, the TTAG president said. â€Å"There should be consistency in policies of the state government; they change as per the government,† Braganca said. Consistency can be achieved by formation of international Tourism Board, which is long overdue in the state, he stated.Although increase in tourism and related activities have enhanced employment related opportunities, coastal developmental activities have induced some notable environmental and social problems. The impact gets worsen as a result of related anthropogenic activities that follows such a coastal tourism as a result Goas coastal scenario is fast changing. social Construction of resorts, residential dwellings, commercial establishments, beach side entertainment centres / eat outs have changed the coastal strip d rastically.Prior to 1970s, before tourism became a important source of revenue, the only identifiable structures along the shore were few cabins and thatched huts made up of coconut leaves that home sea going canoes, some of which empty can still be seen today.Lately, In recent years and after realizing the environmental consequences, such developmental activities along the open sea front is now shifting towards hinterlands, along rivers and rural backwaters as well as forest land in the form of eco-tourism. -tourism is more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is consecrated unlooked for preserving and sustaining the diversity of the worlds natural and cultural environments. It accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or destructive to the natural environment and sustains ; supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in.Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and for est life, thats what eco-tourism is all about.Whether its about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind logical not to create any mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. Eco-tourism focuses on local cultures, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth logical and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is typically defined as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage how are the primary attractions.

Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies. They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, abundant Wildlife Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State Park Management, Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians logical and Archaeologists, etc. Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization with an annual growth average rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world gross domestic product, 11. % of all consumer spending – not a market to be taken lightly.The oceans how are not behind in any manner as well. The vast and deep expanse of water provide tremendous opportunity for adventure sports in form of diving and snorkelling. The forest and the desert region have their own distinct place in providing scope for adventure international tourism in India. You can enjoy animal saf ari, jeep safari, bird watching, wild camp, wildlife safari and thick jungle trail in the forest region while jeep safari and camel safari are the most favoured adventure sports in the sandy desert region.Sustainable tourism thus attempts to make minimal impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income and employment unlooked for locals, as well as to promote the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive.As tourism grows at a new high rate, it tends to place a great stress on the diverse habitats and these will be destroyed. Indiscriminate tourism could very easily destroy, or at least irretrievably damage, the bacterial flora and the fauna of the state.The stake holders in sustainable tourism i. e.Community-based management, nongovernmental organizations, tourists and locals all should be trained to see that the fragile Goan ecosystem does not suffer as a result of excessive tourism. Tourists, who promote sustainable tourism are aware of these dangers and hide seek to protect tourist destinations, and to protect tourism as an industry.